![]() More than half of all finds of cross-shaped plaques reliably date from within the second to third quarters of the IVth century BC, which gives every reason to assume the same dating for the complexes, where there are no own dating materials. The latter direction, apparently, corresponds to migrations to winter pastures. Cross-shaped plaques are indicators of the advance of the steppe Scythians from the Lower Dnieper region to the north in the Ukrainian forest-steppe, to the west as far as the Lower Danube and very close to the south-east to Sivash. ![]() From here they diverged south-east to Sivash within the present-day Kherson region, and much further north to the forest-steppe within the presentday right-bank Cherkasy and left-bank Kiev regions. Apparently, this indicates that they were made in this region, where their place of manufacture could be only Kamenskoe hillfort, which was the center of metallurgy and metalworking in Steppe Scythia. The main zone of concentration of crossshaped plaques finds covers is the territory of the Lower Dnieper region, directly to the Dnieper. ![]() These plaques were used as quiver buckles and for attaching the quiver to the belt. Such plaques are found mainly in male graves and much less often in female ones. In the Scythian kurgans of the IVth century BC in the Northern Black Sea region, 31 bronze cruciform plaques were found. The source of supply could be seen as a single master or a single workshop or a variety of shops, but using the same templates. The appearance of a series of technically and stylistically identical arrowheads on the relatively large area ipoints to the fact that they not only were produced in the same environment, but also that there existed market-oriented craft industries. Symmetrical arrowheads of this time are fundamentally different from the arrows of the Early Scythian epoch, and 5th-4th century BC, both in morphology and metrology. The studied series of symmetrical arrowheads are solely the product of Northern Black Sea region. The lifetime of such arrowheads from these burials is limited to the period of the third quarter 6th - no later than the turn of 6th/5th centuries BC, according to their deposition in the funerary complexes. ![]() Warriors, in which burials such arrowheads were found, were contemporaries. A series of burials were defined with identical symmetrical arrowheads with the groove reaching the point, П-formed groove covering 2/3 of the arrowhead length, and similar head-tipped arrowheads with a small extended sleeve and size of 1.5-2 cm, and weight of 0,56-1,50 gr. The series of identical or similar type of arrowheads, produced using one of similar type molding boxes, were identified in quivers from the North Pontic region kurgans through the search among Scythian symmetrical arrowheads with hidden plug from the second chronological group. Most likely, they resulted from the random assembling of the arrowheads from different quivers during the formation of the museum collections. 482, associated with the Transitional or Middle Scythian period, contain arrowheads from three different time periods, including the seventh century BC (the Early Scythian period), the second half of the sixth - early fifth century BC, and the fifth - fourth century BC, which could not have originated from the same set. The “mixed” sets of arrowheads from the collections known as Zhurovka, k. Both sets contain arrowheads cast according to the same form or prototype, which allows them to be synchronized. 432 demonstrates similarities to the quiver sets from the documented complexes of the second half of the seventh century BC. The analysis of the quiver sets preserved in the museum collection from the Gulyai-Gorod, k.
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